General Tips To Overcome An Interview

Hello Friends here are some interview tips that you like to read before going to any interview . <br /> <b><br /> <a href="http://www.darksite.in/2012/03/interview-tips-or-how-to-prepare-before.html">You Can Check Our Previous Post On How to Prepare For Interview</a><br /> </b><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5YRutPCm7__fPHdXnAzLONnlUHSGlRV-yGPSz400MUKUrWNyjKEBhgclshDdHVRp7pGlbXvyseYMEI0YuDr7AfFR5ZPlgk-clNJlXyz4LVFjyt_dFTQh0kjyq1EIQR1XkbtqiK7btPw6p/s1600/sdfsd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5YRutPCm7__fPHdXnAzLONnlUHSGlRV-yGPSz400MUKUrWNyjKEBhgclshDdHVRp7pGlbXvyseYMEI0YuDr7AfFR5ZPlgk-clNJlXyz4LVFjyt_dFTQh0kjyq1EIQR1XkbtqiK7btPw6p/s1600/sdfsd.jpg" width="349" /></a></div><br /> So what if you are not a mountaineer. Or a keen hiker. You still cannot treat your interview like a careless morning trot along a jogger's path. Your jaw-jaw at the interview table is nothing less than a cautious climb up a mountain trail--which begins around your early childhood and meanders through the years at the academia before reaching a new summit in your career.And as you retrace your steps down memory lane make sure that you post flags at important landmarks of your life and career, so that you can pop them before the interview panel scoops them out of you. You don't want to be at the receiving end, do you?<br /> <br /> Face the panel, but don't fall of the chair in a headlong rush-and-skid attempt to tell your story. Take one step at a time. If you place your foot on slippery ground, you could be ejecting out on a free fall.<br /> <br /> So prepare, fortify your thoughts, re-jig your memory, and script and design your story (without frills and falsity). Without the right preparation and storyboard, you could be a loser at the interview. Here are a few preparation tips that books on interviews sometimes overlook. <br /> <br /> Before the interview <br /> <br /> 1. Chronological Outline of Career and Education Divide your life into "segments" defining your university, first job, second job. For each stage, jot down :<br /> The reason for opting certain course or profession; Your job responsibilities in your previous/current job; Reason of leaving your earlier/current job. You should be clear in your mind where you want to be in the short and long term and ask yourself the reason why you would be appropriate for the job you are being interviewed for and how it will give shape to your future course.<br /> <br /> 2. Strengths and Weaknesses<br /> <br /> You should keep a regular check on your strengths and weaknesses. Write down three (3) technical and three (3) non-technical personal strengths. Most importantly, show examples of your skills. This proves more effective than simply talking about them. So if you're asked about a general skill, provide a specific example to help you fulfil the interviewer's expectations. It isn't enough to say you've got "excellent leadership skills". Instead, try saying:<br /> "I think I have excellent leaderships skills which I have acquired through a combination of effective communication, delegation and personal interaction. This has helped my team achieve its goals."<br /> As compared to strengths, the area of weaknesses is difficult to handle. Put across your weakness in such a way that it at leaset seems to be a positive virtue to the interviewer. Describe a weakness or area for development that you have worked on and have now overcome.<br /> <br /> 3. Questions you should be prepared for <br /> <br /> Tell us about yourself.<br /> What do you know about our company?<br /> Why do you want to join our company?<br /> What are your strengths and weaknesses?<br /> Where do you see yourself in the next five years?<br /> How have you improved the nature of your job in the past years of your working? Why should we hire you?<br /> What contributions to profits have you made in your present or former company? Why are you looking for a change?<br /> Answers to some difficult questions : <br /> <br /> Tell me about yourself ?<br /> Start from your education and give a brief coverage of previous experiences. Emphasise more on your recent experience explaining your job profile.<br /> <br /> What do you think of your boss?<br /> Put across a positive image, but don't exaggerate.<br /> <br /> Why should we hire you? Or why are you interested in this job?<br /> Sum up your work experiences with your abilities and emphasise your strongest qualities and achievements. Let your interviewer know that you will prove to be an asset to the company.<br /> <br /> How much money do you want?<br /> Indicate your present salary and emphasise that the opportunity is the most important consideration.<br /> <br /> Do you prefer to work in a group?<br /> Be honest and give examples how you've worked by yourself and also with others. Prove your flexibility.<br /> 4. Questions to As <br /> At the end of the interview, most interviewers generally ask if you have any questions. Therefore, you should be prepared beforehand with 2-3 technical and 2-3 non-technical questions and commit them to your memory before the interview.<br /> Do not ask queries related to your salary, vacation, bonuses, or other benefits. This information should be discussed at the time of getting your joining letter. Here we are giving few sample questions that you can ask at the time of your interview.<br /> Sample Questions<br /> <br /> Could you tell me the growth plans and goals for the company?<br /> What skills are important to be successful in this position?<br /> Why did you join this company? (optional)<br /> What's the criteria your company uses for performance appraisal?<br /> With whom will I be interacting most frequently and what are their responsibilities and the nature of our interaction?<br /> What is the time frame for making a decision at this position?<br /> What made the previous persons in this position successful/unsuccessful?<br /> 5. Do your homework <br /> Before going for an interview, find out as much information on the company (go to JobsAhead Company Q and A) as possible. The best sources are the public library, the Internet (you can check out the company's site), and can even call the company and get the required information. The information gives you a one-up in the interview besides proving your content company or position.<br /> Clearing the interview isn't necessarily a solitary attempt. Seek assistance from individuals who are in the profession and whose counsel you value most. Be confident in your approach and attitude; let the panel feel it through your demeanour, body language and dressing.<br /> Getting prepared for your interview is the best way to dig deep and know yourself. You will be surprised that it would breed a new familiarity become more familiar with your own qualifications that will be make you present yourself better. All the best and get ready to give a treat.<br /> <br /> Discretion abt written Selection Process<br /> <br /> Written Test:<br /> Prepare from previous papers. It’s of the same pattern.Prepare wordlist from Barrons. There was no psychometric test.We had only 1 and a half hr to complete the paper. For quants, we had to write the answers and were not of multiple choices. Logical questions were bit tough.Main problem is the time shortage to complete it fully.<br /> Interview<br /> <br /> There were around 8 - 10 panels for tech intrw held at TCS, Karapakkam, Chennai.Environment was excellent.<br /> People from TCS were very soft and had a cheerful face.<br /> <br /> In my panel, two persons of age around 35 – 40 yrs interviewed me.Tech intrw was held for around 55 min. Slightly drilling but easy.After clearing tech, I attended HR where one young man interviewed me.It went for half an hour exactly.Most of them were only personal questn and some tech Qs.On my time slot, 5 ppl attended in that same panel and only 2 cud get thro.<br /> <br /> For another friend, the tech held for just 10min.They asked 2 gen. Qs like where he is from (Ambattur) and how he reached that office.Then 2 tech Qs 1) Shannons theory ? Ans: “I don’t know”2) Diff betn up85 & 86. He told correctly.He got selected.<br /> <br /> So, it depends on ur luck to get a good panel.<br /> Technical Interview<br /> 1. Introduce ur self.<br /> <br /> 2. First person started…..<br /> He asked my mark sheets from which Qs were poured from various subj I’d studied in my BE (ECE) syllabus………<br /> <br /> 3. Favourite subj.?<br /> Digital<br /> <br /> 4. How abt mp?<br /> Draw the architecture of 8085?Explain each block?Interrupts and its types? Flags?<br /> 5. Write a program to multiply 2 nos?Diff betn MOV & MVI?Diff betn 85 & 86And some more………?Latest mp used?<br /> <br /> 6. Next person started…..Whats inside a CPU of PC? Inside processor? Whats a MODEM? working?<br /> If 2 PCs connected to a server using 2 MODEMs, what is the fn of each modem?<br /> 7. Back from first person……meanwhile the 2nd person was going through my marksheets and certificates.<br /> <br /> Lets move 2 ur fav subj…Digital -Draw the diag of OR and NOR? OR internal ckt diag ? <br /> I managed to draw a diag which is logically correct ( with 2 transistors …..)<br /> <br /> Universal gates? Why? Draw OR using NOR gates? What is multiplexed?<br /> <br /> 8. Slowly deviated to analog-Describe abt transistor? Types? Types of BJT? Diag for NPN and PNP?<br /> Differentiate where they r used?<br /> Uses of transistor according to mode of opn.?<br /> Uses of diode?<br /> How it is used as rectifier?<br /> Zener diode?<br /> What is bias?<br /> What is thyristor?<br /> SCR? Where used?<br /> Diff betn thyristor & transistor?<br /> And some more………………<br /> <br /> 9. Then programming…… How good u r with programming? I know only C.<br /> Asked me to write a pgm.<br /> I’m not well versed with programming. I know only conceptually.<br /> Why pointers? Answered<br /> Luckly, they skipped the topic.<br /> <br /> 10. Then……Network Topologies? Bus, ring…<br /> What u know in networking?<br /> I know only the basics as this was not choosen as our elective.<br /> <br /> Then whats ur elective?<br /> Biomedical……..<br /> (I think the person was good in that subj.)<br /> <br /> 11. I was caught …………He fired several questions like…<br /> How ECG working?<br /> Stethoscope working?<br /> BP ? and more…………………<br /> How pressure converted to signal?<br /> Transducers? <br /> <br /> 12. Then came to the project…Explain ur proj.<br /> I explained clearly with proj report.<br /> Some Qs on project.<br /> I myself added that I did with 3 other students from different states and could manage to complete the project successfully.<br /> <br /> 13. Finally general Qs…You did a proj in digital design and why do u want to come to software?<br /> Why not hardware?<br /> What guarentee u give that u won’t shift to hardware after 2 yrs saying u don’t like S/w?<br /> Another person asked what u studied in Engineering economics & mgmt?<br /> R u interested in this subj?<br /> I frankly said it’s a bit boring subj. ‘coz there is nothing to learn and this is the subj where we write stories.They smiled.<br /> If we put u in proj dealing with mgmt,…..difft from what u’ve studied in BE, r u ready to do that?<br /> <br /> <br /> U said it’s a boring subj. & now ready to switch over to that ?<br /> First of all, working at TCS itself is a great pleasure and it would be my duty to develop interest in that subject and shine well in that area.<br /> Finally they asked ‘any Qs 2 us’?<br /> Yes sir!<br /> On what electronics related proj r u working currently?<br /> Then I smiled and said ‘then there is a chance for me to get into electronics based s/w projects’.<br /> <br /> HR Interview<br /> <br /> 1. Introduce urself other than in application.<br /> I told abt my positives and ideologies.While I was saying the 2nd point of my ideology, my throat got chocked ‘coz of fear.<br /> Are u alright? Yes sir. I’m slightly nervous.Its OK.<br /> <br /> 2. Whats ur hobbies?<br /> Playing Tennis and chess.<br /> In chess, how its scored?<br /> I said we’ve checkmate the opponent king.<br /> He poured more Qs on chess.<br /> I said, I used to play chess only with computer just as a time pass and not serious with that.<br /> How many squares r there in a chess board?<br /> 1st I said ‘100’ and then said ‘sorry 64’.<br /> <br /> 3. How abt tennis? How many sets are played in a match?How it is scored?<br /> said 0, 15, 30, 45, game.I made a damn mistake of saying 45 instead of 40.<br /> He again asked to check and I was still stubborn with my ans.<br /> What is game point? match pt? Deuce?<br /> Who is ur fav. tennis player?Why?<br /> But, Pete Sampras everytime defeats Agassi?<br /> Whats ESPIRIT (Dept. assocn)?<br /> <br /> 4. What u’ve done?<br /> Arranged VLSI conference.<br /> Whats VLSI?<br /> More than 1 million transistors per chip.<br /> Explain sth abt VLSI.<br /> <br /> 5. No. of zeros in a million?6<br /> No. of zeros in a lakh?<br /> Got struck (due to tension) and started counting from units digit in mind.Then said 5. I frankly told him, ‘I need to count by fingers<br /> He laughed..<br /> <br /> 6. Whats ur fav. subj? Digital<br /> Describe OR & NOR gate in a sentence form<br /> What is the IC no. for AND gate?<br /> which co. produces such chips?<br /> <br /> 7. Where do u see urself after 3 yrs ?<br /> Whats ur ambition?<br /> Why TCS?(He really got stunned with my knowledge abt TCS)<br /> What way u can provide a s/w that is useful to the community as well as TCS?<br /> I gave some ideas like cognition tech for blind ppl and web-based applns,……<br /> Why s/w?<br /> Stressed the importance of software with egs.<br /> What efforts u made to get into Software?<br /> Any thing u did for the community welfare?<br /> I gave a finishing touch. As of now, I cud help only physically. I think, if I’m being selected and once if I join TCS, I can help ppl even monitorily.<br /> <br /> 8. Finally, Any Qs to me?<br /> Yes sir!<br /> Whats the training period? 45 days<br /> Whether I can avail transportation facilities from TCS? yes<br /> Whether u do any electronics related proj @ Chennai? No. Its done at Hyd only.<br /> Interview<br /> The test is followed by a Technical and a HR interview.The technical interview is highly specialised and covers almost all subjects you have done in your curriculum. However one is required to name his/her favorite subject on which most of the interview is focussed.For Computer Engineers C, Operating Systems, DBMS,Microprocessors are mostly focussed upon. Electronics Engineers can be grilled on DCLD, Microprocessors and Communications. For details on the frequently asked questions please refer to our Interview section.<br /> The HR interview which follows the technical interview is very general.In most cases questions regarding the company are asked.For details on the other frequently asked questions please refer to our Interview section.<br /> Back To The Top <br /> <br /> Profile<br /> Wipro was previously known as Western India Vegetable Products Ltd was started by Mr.M.H Premji. The company manufactured vegetable oil, vegetable ghee and laundry soap. In 1966, upon the untimely demise of M.H. Premji, his son, Mr.Azim Hasham Premji, a 21-year-old student of engineering at Stanford University, was called upon to run the company. Under him, Wipro embarked on an ambitious phase of expansion. The business diversified into fluid power, soaps, toiletries, lighting and babycare products, and distribution was considerably expanded.Some of the important consumer products made by Wipro include soaps, babycare products, bulbs, tubelights, shampoos, powder etc. The financial strength of the consumer care division powered further diversifications, particularly in infotech and healthcare.<br /> The Infotech era began in the late seventies and Wipro set up its IT business in Bangalore in 1980. Wipro became the No.1 listed company in the country in just 15 years. In a reorganisation, the firm went public with Wipro Technologies, the global IT services subsidiary, whose gross income grew by 65 percent to reach Rs.1042 crore($240 million).Wipro's software business was assessed at SEI CMM Level 5(.Wipro's technology divisions, global R&D and telecom solutions contributed 46 percent of the software revenue, and the balance was accounted for by enterprise solutions business. E-commerce contributed 15 percent of enterprise solutions revenue for the year. Sales and other incomes of the second division,Wipro Infotech, the Indian IT services and products business that takes care of networking solutions, customer services, computers and peripherals, grew by 20 percent to Rs.825 crore.<br /> Wipro Technologies soon plans to tap the global capital body through an issue of American Depository Receipts(ADR) or Global Depository Receipts(GDR). It established its headquaters in Santa Clara, US, with Mr.Vivek Paul as the company's president and CEO.<br /> The pay package is around Rs.17,000(approx.) for the year 2000 recruits.<br /> Mr.Azim H. Premji is presently the Chairman. Mr.Premji owns about 75 percent of the Wipro stock. He also happens to be the richest Indian in the world.<br /> <br /> <br /> pattern of CA...<br /> <br /> Pattern :<br /> <br /> The Written test will be conducted by "MeritTrac"<br /> (they also conduct<br /> <br /> the Entrance test of VERIZON).<br /> <br /> There will be 2 sections mainly :<br /> <br /> 1. Aptitute (40 Min):<br /> - Verbal.<br /> - Quantitive. ( Have a look at question on CUBEs)<br /> - Mental Ability.<br /> <br /> 2. Technical (30 Min)<br /> - C/ C++ / Java one paper depending on our choice<br /> In any paper emphasis will be on Programs...<br /> In C concentrate on Pointers, memory functions<br /> like memset ,<br /> <br /> memcpy, etc...<br /> <br /> <br /> MOST IMPORTANT : There will 100 % -ve marks.<br /> <br /> <br /> INTERVIEW :<br /> <br /> This the Pattern followed to us, but this may vary..<br /> <br /> There are 3 Rounds...<br /> <br /> 1. Technical (General) oo Concepts & types of testing,<br /> deadlock ,<br /> <br /> etc...<br /> <br /> 2. Those who cleared the 1st round are given around 40<br /> pages of "Design<br /> <br /> patterns" introduction and gave a Single Design<br /> pattern to each and<br /> <br /> gave 2 hours time to summarize the concept and asked<br /> to give a<br /> <br /> presentation on the pattern given to each.<br /> <br /> 3. If we r able perform satisfactorily in 2nd round,<br /> there will be HR.<br /> <br /> HR is just nominal but be careful u may be asked<br /> questions about CA...<br /> <br /> All the best.....<br /> <br /> the procedure for cmc is<br /> 1)written test<br /> 2)technical test<br /> 3)interview<br /> the written test Contains 3 sections..the 3 sections<br /> contains the following...and the duration is 90 minutes....<br /> 1)verbal analogy (25 marks)<br /> 2)Data sufficiency<br /> 3)Logical reasioning<br /> 4)Analytical reasoning<br /> 5)Comparisons(basic mathematics)<br /> 6)arithmatic<br /> 7)reading comprehension<br /> <br /> the technical test contains the questions from OS,DBMS,OOPS,SE,C,JAVA,<br /> DS<br /> <br /> after clearing the techincal test there is a interview...<br /> interview is based on ur Areas Of Interest....<br /> before writing the exam plz go thru freshersworld.com papers....<br /> <br /> Again Thanks To Biswa Sir for Providing all these helpful information to all students. <br /> I believe you all will like this.

General Tips To Overcome An Interview

Hello Friends here are some interview tips that you like to read before going to any interview . You Can Check Our Previous Post On How to...

Read more »

CPP Interview Answers on C++ Basic Question Asked In Many Interviews

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaR4OT2yCJuF3EcXMtJ6qJDvPLxleYpiVXM_yZ4MRJXnIc4ieitMynmqH3f7sAP6qZTUgCajEPvXCWEzxdAjF3TRYArIpR0gXOKUZ8ABzt5DeGzWD_S1LQjSdFYIDp7cvAMOUy-Tc-CbR/s1600/image-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear:right; float:right; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:1em"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRaR4OT2yCJuF3EcXMtJ6qJDvPLxleYpiVXM_yZ4MRJXnIc4ieitMynmqH3f7sAP6qZTUgCajEPvXCWEzxdAjF3TRYArIpR0gXOKUZ8ABzt5DeGzWD_S1LQjSdFYIDp7cvAMOUy-Tc-CbR/s320/image-1.jpg" width="153" /></a></div>Like i told you all that i will be posting some FAQ and Answers So.<br /> This is another Study material by Biswa Das Sir on CPP/C++.<br /> <br /> 1. What is a class?<br /> Ans: The objects with the same data structure (attributes) and behavior (operations) are called class.<br /> <br /> 2. What is an object?<br /> Ans: It is an entity which may correspond to real-world entities such as students, employees, bank account. It may be concrete such as file system or conceptual such as scheduling policies in multiprocessor operating system.<br /> Every object will have data structures called attributes and behavior called operations.<br /> <br /> 3. What is the difference between an object and a class?<br /> Ans: All objects possessing similar properties are grouped into class.<br /> Example :–person is a class, ram, hari are objects of person class. All have similar attributes like name, age, sex and similar operations like speak, walk.<br /> <br /> Class person<br /> {<br /> private:<br /> char name[20];<br /> int age;<br /> char sex;<br /> public: speak();<br /> walk();<br /> };<br /> <br /> 4. What is the difference between class and structure?<br /> Ans: In class the data members by default are private but in structure they are by default public<br /> <br /> 5. Define object based programming language?<br /> Ans: Object based programming language support encapsulation and object identity without supporting some important features of OOPs language.<br /> Object based language=Encapsulation + object Identity<br /> <br /> 6. Define object oriented language?<br /> Ans: Object-oriented language incorporates all the features of object based programming languages along with inheritance and polymorphism.<br /> Example: – c++, java.<br /> <br /> 7. Define OOPs?<br /> Ans: OOP is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as co-operative collection of objects, each of which represents an instance of some class and whose classes are all member of a hierarchy of classes united through the property of inheritance.<br /> <br /> 8. What is public, protected, and private?<br /> Ans: These are access specifier or a visibility lebels .The class member that has been declared as private can be accessed only from within the class. Public members can be accessed from outside the class also. Within the class or from the object of a class protected access limit is same as that of private but it plays a prominent role in case of inheritance<br /> <br /> 9. What is a scope resolution operator?<br /> Ans: The scope resolution operator permits a program to reference an identifier in the global scope that has been hidden by another identifier with the same name in the local scope.<br /> <br /> 10. What do you mean by inheritance?<br /> Ans: The mechanism of deriving a new class (derived) from an old class (base class) is called inheritance. It allows the extension and reuse of existing code without having to rewrite the code from scratch.<br /> <br /> 11. What is abstraction?<br /> Ans: The technique of creating user-defined data types, having the properties of built-in data types and a set of permitted operators that are well suited to the application to be programmed is known as data abstraction. Class is a construct for abstract data types (ADT).<br /> <br /> 12. What is encapsulation?<br /> Ans: It is the mechanism that wraps the data and function it manipulates into single unit and keeps it safe from external interference.<br /> <br /> 13. How variable declaration in c++ differs that in c?<br /> Ans: C requires all the variables to be declared at the beginning of a scope but in c++ we can declare variables anywhere in the scope. This makes the programmer easier to understand because the variables are declared in the context of their use.<br /> <br /> 14. What are the c++ tokens?<br /> Ans: c++ has the following tokens<br /> I. keywords<br /> II. Identifiers<br /> III. Constants<br /> IV. Strings<br /> V. operators<br /> <br /> 15. What do you mean by reference variable in c++?<br /> Ans: A reference variable provides an alias to a previously defined variable.<br /> Data type & reference-name = variable name<br /> <br /> 16. What do you mean by implicit conversion?<br /> Ans: Whenever data types are mixed in an expression then c++ performs the conversion automatically.<br /> Here smaller type is converted to wider type.<br /> Example- in case of integer and float integer is converted into float type.<br /> <br /> 17. What is the difference between method overloading and method overriding?<br /> Ans: Overloading a method (or function) in C++ is the ability for functions of the same name to be defined as long as these methods have different signatures (different set of parameters). Method overriding is the ability of the inherited class rewriting the virtual method of the base class.<br /> <br /> 18. What are the defining traits of an object-oriented language?<br /> The defining traits of an object-oriented language are:<br /> encapsulation<br /> inheritance<br /> polymorphism<br /> Ans:<br /> Polymorphism: is a feature of OOPL that at run time depending upon the type of object the appropriate method is called.<br /> Inheritance: is a feature of OOPL that represents the “is a” relationship between different objects (classes). Say in real life a manager is a employee. So in OOPL manger class is inherited from the employee class.<br /> Encapsulation: is a feature of OOPL that is used to hide the information.<br /> <br /> 19. What is polymorphism?<br /> Ans: Polymorphism is the idea that a base class can be inherited by several classes. A base class pointer can point to its child class and a base class array can store different child class objects.<br /> <br /> 20. What do you mean by inline function?<br /> Ans: An inline function is a function that is expanded inline when invoked.ie. the compiler replaces the function call with the corresponding function code. An inline function is a function that is expanded in line when it is invoked. That is the compiler replaces the function call with the corresponding function code (similar to macro).<br /> <br /> 21 What is the difference between a NULL pointer and a void pointer?<br /> Ans: A NULL pointer is a pointer of any type whose value is zero. A void pointer is a pointer to an object of an unknown type, and is guaranteed to have enough bits to hold a pointer to any object. A void pointer is not guaranteed to have enough bits to point to a function (though in general practice it does).<br /> <br /> 22. What is difference between C++ and Java?<br /> Ans: C++ has pointers Java does not.<br /> Java is platform independent C++ is not.<br /> Java has garbage collection C++ does not.<br /> <br /> 23. What do you mean by multiple inheritance in C++ ?<br /> Ans: Multiple inheritance is a feature in C++ by which one class can be of different types. Say class teaching Assistant is inherited from two classes say teacher and Student.<br /> <br /> 24. What do you mean by virtual methods?<br /> Ans: virtual methods are used to use the polymorphism feature in C++. Say class A is inherited from class B. If we declare say function f() as virtual in class B and override the same function in class A then at runtime appropriate method of the class will be called depending upon the type of the object.<br /> <br /> 25. What do you mean by static methods?<br /> Ans: By using the static method there is no need creating an object of that class to use that method. We can directly call that method on that class. For example, say class A has static function f(), then we can call f() function as A.f(). There is no need of creating an object of class A.<br /> <br /> 26. How many ways are there to initialize an int with a constant?<br /> Ans: Two.<br /> There are two formats for initializers in C++ as shown in the example that follows. The first format uses the traditional C notation. The second format uses constructor notation.<br /> int foo = 123;<br /> int bar (123);<br /> <br /> 27. What is a constructor?<br /> Ans: Constructor is a special member function of a class, which is invoked automatically whenever an instance of the class is created. It has the same name as its class.<br /> <br /> 28. What is destructor?<br /> Ans: Destructor is a special member function of a class, which is invoked automatically whenever an object goes out of the scope. It has the same name as its class with a tilde character prefixed.<br /> <br /> 29. What is an explicit constructor?<br /> Ans: A conversion constructor declared with the explicit keyword. The compiler does not use an explicit constructor to implement an implied conversion of types. It’s purpose is reserved explicitly for construction.<br /> <br /> 30 What is the Standard Template Library?<br /> Ans: A library of container templates approved by the ANSI committee for inclusion in the standard C++ specification. A programmer who then launches into a discussion of the generic programming model, iterators, allocators, algorithms, and such, has a higher than average understanding of the new technology that STL brings to C++ programming.<br /> <br /> 31. What problem does the namespace feature solve?<br /> Ans: Multiple providers of libraries might use common global identifiers causing a name collision when an application tries to link with two or more such libraries. The namespace feature surrounds a library’s external declarations with a unique namespace that eliminates the potential for those collisions. This solution assumes that two library vendors don’t use the same namespace identifier, of course.<br /> <br /> 32. What is the use of ‘using’ declaration?<br /> Ans: A using declaration makes it possible to use a name from a namespace<br /> <br /> 33. What is a template?<br /> Ans: Templates allow us to create generic functions that admit any data type as parameters and return a value without having to overload the function with all the possible data types. Until certain point they fulfill the functionality of a macro. Its prototype is any of the two following ones:<br /> template function_declaration;<br /> template function_declaration;<br /> <br /> 34. Differentiate between a template class and class template?<br /> Ans:<br /> Template class:<br /> A generic definition or a parameterized class not instantiated until the client provides the needed information. It’s jargon for plain templates.<br /> Class template:<br /> A class template specifies how individual classes can be constructed much like the way a class specifies how individual objects can be constructed. It’s jargon for plain classes.<br /> <br /> 35. What is the difference between a copy constructor and an overloaded assignment operator?<br /> Ans: A copy constructor constructs a new object by using the content of the argument object. An overloaded assignment operator assigns the contents of an existing object to another existing object of the same class.<br /> <br /> 36. What is a virtual destructor?<br /> Ans: The simple answer is that a virtual destructor is one that is declared with the virtual attribute.<br /> <br /> 37. What is an incomplete type?<br /> Ans: Incomplete type refers to pointers in which there is non availability of the implementation of the referenced location or it points to some location whose value is not available for modification.<br /> Example:<br /> int *i=0×400 // i points to address 400<br /> *i=0; //set the value of memory location pointed by i.<br /> Incomplete types are otherwise called uninitialized pointers.<br /> <br /> 38. What do you mean by Stack unwinding?<br /> Ans: It is a process during exception handling when the destructor is called for all local objects between the place where the exception was thrown and where it is caught.<br /> <br /> 39. What is a container class? What are the types of container classes?<br /> Ans: A container class is a class that is used to hold objects in memory or external storage. A container class acts as a generic holder. A container class has a predefined behavior and a well-known interface. A container class is a supporting class whose purpose is to hide the topology used for maintaining the list of objects in memory. When a container class contains a group of mixed objects, the container is called a heterogeneous container; when the container is holding a group of objects that are all the same, the container is called a homogeneous container<br /> <br /> 40. Name some pure object oriented languages?<br /> Ans: Smalltalk, Java, Eiffel, Sather.<br /> <br /> 41. Name the operators that cannot be overloaded?<br /> Ans: sizeof, ., .*, .->, ::, ?:<br /> <br /> 42. What is an adaptor class or Wrapper class?<br /> Ans: A class that has no functionality of its own. Its member functions hide the use of a third party software component or an object with the non-compatible interface or a non-object-oriented implementation.<br /> <br /> 43. What is a Null object?<br /> Ans: It is an object of some class whose purpose is to indicate that a real object of that class does not exist. One common use for a null object is a return value from a member function that is supposed to return an object with some specified properties but cannot find such an object.<br /> <br /> 44. What is class invariant?<br /> Ans: A class invariant is a condition that defines all valid states for an object. It is a logical condition to ensure the correct working of a class. Class invariants must hold when an object is created, and they must be preserved under all operations of the class. In particular all class invariants are both preconditions and post-conditions for all operations or member functions of the class.<br /> <br /> 45. What is a dangling pointer?<br /> Ans: A dangling pointer arises when you use the address of an object after its lifetime is over. This may occur in situations like returning addresses of the automatic variables from a function or using the address of the memory block after it is freed. Example: The following code snippet shows this:<br /> class Sample<br /> {<br /> public:<br /> int *ptr;<br /> Sample(int i)<br /> {<br /> ptr = new int(i);<br /> }<br /> ~Sample()<br /> {<br /> delete ptr;<br /> }<br /> void PrintVal()<br /> {<br /> cout<br /> }<br /> };<br /> void SomeFunc(Sample x)<br /> {<br /> cout<br /> }<br /> int main()<br /> {<br /> Sample s1= 10;<br /> SomeFunc(s1);<br /> s1.PrintVal();<br /> }<br /> In the above example when PrintVal() function is called it is called by the pointer that has been freed by the destructor in SomeFunc.<br /> <br /> 46. Differentiate between the message and method?<br /> Ans:<br /> Message:<br /> Objects communicate by sending messages to each other.<br /> A message is sent to invoke a method.<br /> Method<br /> Provides response to a message and it is an implementation of an operation<br /> <br /> 47. How can we access protected and private members of a class?<br /> Ans: In the case of members protected and private, these could not be accessed from outside the same class at which they are declared. This rule can be transgressed with the use of the friend keyword in a class, so we can allow an external function to gain access to the protected and private members of a class.<br /> <br /> 48. Can you handle exception in C++?<br /> Ans: Yes we can handle exception in C++ using keyword: try, catch and throw. Program statements that we want to monitor for exceptions are contained in a try block. If an exception occurs within the try block, it is thrown (using throw).The exception is caught, using catch, and processed.<br /> <br /> 49. What is virtual function?<br /> Ans: A virtual function is a member function that is declared within a base class and<br /> redefined by a derived class .To create a virtual function, the function declaration in the base class is preceded by the keyword virtual.<br /> <br /> 50. What do you mean by early binding?<br /> Ans:Early binding refers to the events that occur at compile time. Early binding occurs when<br /> all information needed to call a function is known at compile time. Examples of early binding include normal function calls, overloaded function calls, and overloaded operators. The advantage of early binding is efficiency.<br /> <br /> 51. What do you mean by late binding?<br /> Ans: Late binding refers to function calls that are not resolved until run time. Virtual functions are used to achieve late binding. When access is via a base pointer or reference, the virtual function actually called is determined by the type of object pointed to by the pointer.<br /> <br /> Do comment ,hit like ,share these information among friends :)

CPP Interview Answers on C++ Basic Question Asked In Many Interviews

Like i told you all that i will be posting some FAQ and Answers So. This is another Study material by Biswa Das Sir on CPP/C++. 1. What i...

Read more »

DBMS General note for all Branches Students For Campus Placement

Hello friends I am going to start a new sessions of post for all who are preparing for any job interview and others technical skill knowledge for their future.<br /> So i will be delivering the study material provided by Bswa Das Sir ..one of the best technical expert from odisha having massively excellent knowledge on c,c++,dbms,Networking,Operating system and Many more technical Core subjects.<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHcaV4pxlZyyizbHKUr6YdYDevjoCjvLnc7IaJY-2JvRGUCk1T6iGmhREchw7ZHFlP1EFxJ9yoo0rS3QwugGYR1RqcgjOSX5kS8EOm-yq5hGhAaSsn9fenMeOEHpjr4q-LEHQxBt1aQG5/s1600/392611_2666377220500_1501057011_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left:1em; margin-right:1em"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgHcaV4pxlZyyizbHKUr6YdYDevjoCjvLnc7IaJY-2JvRGUCk1T6iGmhREchw7ZHFlP1EFxJ9yoo0rS3QwugGYR1RqcgjOSX5kS8EOm-yq5hGhAaSsn9fenMeOEHpjr4q-LEHQxBt1aQG5/s400/392611_2666377220500_1501057011_n.jpg" width="227" /></a></div>Biswa sir was Our Technical expert when i was on my engineering day at GIET,Gunupur.very much friendly and much cooperative for any technical question answers.We all also regard him as technical guru ,so i hope all our visitors will like this.<br /> These are some frequently asked Question(FAQ) and Answers On DBMS On Many Campus Drive By different company.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 1: <br /> What is database?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and which is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 2: <br /> What is DBMS?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> ? Redundancy is controlled. <br /> ? Unauthorized access is restricted. <br /> ? Providing multiple user interfaces. <br /> ? Enforcing integrity constraints. <br /> ? Providing backup and recovery.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 3: <br /> What is a Database system?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 4: <br /> Disadvantage in File Processing System?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> ? Data redundancy & inconsistency. <br /> ? Difficult in accessing data. <br /> ? Data isolation. <br /> ? Data integrity. <br /> ? Concurrent access is not possible. <br /> ? Security Problems. .<br /> <br /> QUESTION 5: <br /> Describe the three levels of data abstraction?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The are three levels of abstraction:<br /> ? Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how data are stored.<br /> ? Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction, describes what data are stored in database and what relationship among those data.<br /> ? View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of entire database.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 6: <br /> Define the "integrity rules"<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> There are two Integrity rules.<br /> ? Entity Integrity: States that ?Primary key cannot have NULL value?<br /> ? Referential Integrity: States that ?Foreign Key can be either a NULL value or should be Primary Key value of other relation.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 7: <br /> What is extension and intension?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> Extension -It is the number of tuples present in a table at any instance. This is time dependent.<br /> Intension – It is a constant value that gives the name, structure of table and the constraints laid on it.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 8: <br /> What is System R? What are its two major subsystems?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> System R was designed and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center . It is a prototype and its purpose was to demonstrate that it is possible to build a Relational System that can be used in a real life environment to solve real life problems, with performance at least comparable to that of existing system.<br /> Its two subsystems are<br /> ? Research Storage<br /> ? System Relational Data System.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 10: <br /> How is the data structure of System R different from the relational structure?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> Unlike Relational systems in System R<br /> ? Domains are not supported<br /> ? Enforcement of candidate key uniqueness is optional<br /> ? Enforcement of entity integrity is optional<br /> ? Referential integrity is not enforced<br /> <br /> QUESTION 11: <br /> What is Data Independence?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> Data independence means that ?the application is independent of the storage structure and access strategy of data?. In other words, The ability to modify the schema definition in one level should not affect the schema definition in the next higher level.<br /> <br /> Two types of Data Independence: <br /> ? Physical Data Independence : Modification in physical level should not affect the logical level. <br /> ? Logical Data Independence : Modification in logical level should affect the view level.<br /> NOTE: Logical Data Independence is more difficult to achieve<br /> <br /> QUESTION 12: <br /> What is a view? How it is related to data independence?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A view may be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead derived from one or more underlying base table. In other words, there is no stored file that direct represents the view instead a definition of view is stored in data dictionary. <br /> Growth and restructuring of base tables is not reflected in views. Thus the view can insulate users from the effects of restructuring and growth in the database. Hence accounts for logical data independence. .<br /> <br /> QUESTION 13: <br /> What is Data Model?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships data semantics and constraints.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 14: <br /> What is E-R model?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects called entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 15: <br /> What is Object Oriented model?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> This model is based on collection of objects. An object contains values stored in instance variables with in the object. An object also contains bodies of code that operate on the object. These bodies of code are called methods. Objects that contain same types of values and the same methods are grouped together into classes.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 16: <br /> What is an Entity?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is a ‘thing’ in the real world with an independent existence.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 17: <br /> What is an Entity type?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is a collection (set) of entities that have same attributes.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 18: <br /> What is an Entity set?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is a collection of all entities of particular entity type in the database.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 19: <br /> What is an Extension of entity type?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The collections of entities of a particular entity type are grouped together into an entity set.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 20: <br /> What is Weak Entity set?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> An entity set may not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key, and its primary key compromises of its partial key and primary key of its parent entity, then it is said to be Weak Entity set.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 21: <br /> What is an attribute?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is a particular property, which describes the entity.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 22: <br /> What is a Relation Schema and a Relation?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A relation Schema denoted by R(A1, A2, ?, An) is made up of the relation name R and the list of attributes Ai that it contains. A relation is defined as a set of tuples. Let r be the relation which contains set tuples (t1, t2, t3, …, tn). Each tuple is an ordered list of n-values t=(v1,v2, …, vn).<br /> <br /> QUESTION 23: <br /> What is degree of a Relation?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is the number of attribute of its relation schema.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 24: <br /> What is Relationship?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is an association among two or more entities.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 25: <br /> What is Relationship set?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The collection (or set) of similar relationships.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 26: <br /> What is Relationship type?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> Relationship type defines a set of associations or a relationship set among a given set of entity types.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 27: <br /> What is degree of Relationship type?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is the number of entity type participating.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 28: <br /> What is Data Storage – Definition Language?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The storage structures and access methods used by database system are specified by a set of definition in a special type of DDL called data storage-definition language.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 29: <br /> What is DML (Data Manipulation Language)?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> This language that enable user to access or manipulate data as organised by appropriate data model.<br /> ? Procedural DML or Low level: DML requires a user to specify what data are needed and how to get those data.<br /> ? Non-Procedural DML or High level: DML requires a user to specify what data are needed without specifying how to get those data.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 30: <br /> What is VDL (View Definition Language)?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It specifies user views and their mappings to the conceptual schema.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 31: <br /> What is DML Compiler?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It translates DML statements in a query language into low-level instruction that the query evaluation engine can understand.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 32: <br /> What is Query evaluation engine?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It executes low-level instruction generated by compiler.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 33: <br /> What is DDL Interpreter?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It interprets DDL statements and record them in tables containing metadata.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 34: <br /> What is Record-at-a-time?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The Low level or Procedural DML can specify and retrieve each record from a set of records. This retrieve of a record is said to be Record-at-a-time.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 35: <br /> What is Set-at-a-time or Set-oriented?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The High level or Non-procedural DML can specify and retrieve many records in a single DML statement. This retrieve of a record is said to be Set-at-a-time or Set-oriented.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 36: <br /> What is Relational Algebra?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is procedural query language. It consists of a set of operations that take one or two relations as input and produce a new relation.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 37: <br /> What is Relational Calculus?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is an applied predicate calculus specifically tailored for relational databases proposed by E.F. Codd. E.g. of languages based on it are DSL ALPHA, QUEL.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 38: <br /> How does Tuple-oriented relational calculus differ from domain-oriented relational calculus<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The tuple-oriented calculus uses a tuple variables i.e., variable whose only permitted values are tuples of that relation. E.g. QUEL<br /> The domain-oriented calculus has domain variables i.e., variables that range over the underlying domains instead of over relation. E.g. ILL, DEDUCE.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 39: <br /> What is normalization?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is a process of analysing the given relation schemas based on their Functional Dependencies (FDs) and primary key to achieve the properties<br /> ? Minimizing redundancy<br /> ? Minimizing insertion, deletion and update anomalies.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 40: <br /> What is Functional Dependency?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A Functional dependency is denoted by X Y between two sets of attributes X and Y that are subsets of R specifies a constraint on the possible tuple that can form a relation state r of R. The constraint is for any two tuples t1 and t2 in r if t1[X] = t2[X] then they have t1[Y] = t2[Y]. This means the value of X component of a tuple uniquely determines the value of component Y.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 41: <br /> When is a functional dependency F said to be minimal?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> ? Every dependency in F has a single attribute for its right hand side.<br /> ? We cannot replace any dependency X A in F with a dependency Y A where Y is a proper subset of X and still have a set of dependency that is equivalent to F.<br /> ? We cannot remove any dependency from F and still have set of dependency that is equivalent to F.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 42: <br /> What is Multivalued dependency?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> Multivalued dependency denoted by X Y specified on relation schema R, where X and Y are both subsets of R, specifies the following constraint on any relation r of R: if two tuples t1 and t2 exist in r such that t1[X] = t2[X] then t3 and t4 should also exist in r with the following properties<br /> ? t3[x] = t4[X] = t1[X] = t2[X]<br /> ? t3[Y] = t1[Y] and t4[Y] = t2[Y]<br /> ? t3[Z] = t2[Z] and t4[Z] = t1[Z]<br /> where [Z = (R-(X U Y)) ]<br /> <br /> QUESTION 43: <br /> What is Lossless join property?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It guarantees that the spurious tuple generation does not occur with respect to relation schemas after decomposition.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 44: <br /> What is 1 NF (Normal Form)?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> The domain of attribute must include only atomic (simple, indivisible) values.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 45: <br /> What is Fully Functional dependency?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> It is based on concept of full functional dependency. A functional dependency X Y is full functional dependency if removal of any attribute A from X means that the dependency does not hold any more.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 46: <br /> What is 2NF?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A relation schema R is in 2NF if it is in 1NF and every non-prime attribute A in R is fully functionally dependent on primary key.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 47: <br /> What is 3NF?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A relation schema R is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for every FD X A either of the following is true<br /> ? X is a Super-key of R.<br /> ? A is a prime attribute of R.<br /> In other words, if every non prime attribute is non-transitively dependent on primary key.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 48: <br /> What is BCNF (Boyce-Codd Normal Form)?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A relation schema R is in BCNF if it is in 3NF and satisfies an additional constraint that for every FD X A, X must be a candidate key.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 49: <br /> What is 4NF?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A relation schema R is said to be in 4NF if for every Multivalued dependency X Y that holds over R, one of following is true<br /> ? X is subset or equal to (or) XY = R.<br /> ? X is a super key.<br /> <br /> QUESTION 50: <br /> What is 5NF?<br /> <br /> ANSWER: <br /> A Relation schema R is said to be 5NF if for every join dependency {R1, R2, …, Rn} that holds R, one the following is true<br /> ? Ri = R for some i.<br /> ? The join dependency is implied by the set of FD, over R in which the left side is key of R. <br /> <br /> You can comments below the comment box for any query or contact biswa sir for the answers detail explanation.

DBMS General note for all Branches Students For Campus Placement

Hello friends I am going to start a new sessions of post for all who are preparing for any job interview and others technical skill knowledg...

Read more »